It’s fair to say the mood in the car industry towards the development of autonomous cars has see-sawed in recent years.

Where once it was hailed as a short-term inevitability, it is now described as a long-term vision in all but highly geo-fenced areas. Getting computers to think rather than see is proving rather harder than many believed, programming anticipation on myriad situations looking an impossibility.

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But, according to Gill Pratt, the chief executive officer of the Toyota Research Institute, progress is still being made and the capability for widespread Level 4 adoption still a realistic goal in our lifetimes.

Pratt believes in fact that the biggest barrier is not capability, nor as some believe the legal conundrum, as he sees it as inevitable that the car makers will have to take on all liability for accidents, but rather public perception of what is and isn’t acceptable.

“A parallel I’d draw is around vaccines,” he says. “For the vast majority of people they are a good thing. They save lives. But for a very few there are complications that can potentially be very serious indeed. In general, we accept that.

“The social issue of autonomy is around when - or if - it is ever acceptable for people to be killed by autonomous cars. We’re moving towards a point where statistically less people will be killed or injured if autonomous functions are widespread, but how people will feel about a machine calculating those implications is a bigger debate.

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“That’s going to remain a point of social debate, because the fact is that people will continue to be killed or injured even by autonomous cars. It’s inevitable, and it’s not certain if or when the wider public will accept that consequence even if the overall death or injury rates are much lower.”